the lynching of black maguire poem

In the state of slavery he learned politeness from association with white people who took pains to teach him. The era of "Reconstruction" following the end of the American Civil War in 1865 was marked by modest progress toward Black Americans' economic and social equality, including access to voting rights. The exodus of some 6 million black Americans between 1910 and 1970 was pushed by racial terror and a waning agricultural economy and pulled by a surfeit of industrial job opportunities. LitCharts Teacher Editions. But the NAACPs efforts were continually knocked downby white supremacists in the Democratic Party who used filibusters to defeat any such bills. While targeted violence against black people did not end with the lynching era, the element of public spectacle and open, even celebratory participation was a unique social phenomenon that would not be reborn in the same way as racial violence evolved. , Hung pitifully oer the swinging char. He points out how this ancient belief is still not forgiven by those who belief it. The start of the lynching era is commonly pegged to 1877, the year of the Tilden-Hayes compromise, which is viewed by most historians as the official end of Reconstruction in the US south. An example of this of this is when he mentioned the awful sin remained still unforgiven (4). US armed forces This poem is in the public domain. This is the (graphic and disturbing)photograph of the lynching of Thomas Shipp and Abram Smith in 1930 that inspired the composition of the poem. When the lights came back on, she would be gone, thered be no encore, says Whitehead. Du Bois: "The Negro and the Warsaw Ghetto", Albert Barnett: Negro Workers Leave the South; Displaced by DPs in the North, "Can America Afford to Condemn Hitler for His Racial Policies? August 10, 2015 T a-Nehisi Coates's new book, Between the World and Me, a letter to his son about race in America, takes its title from Richard Wright's brutal lynching poem, "Between the World. Mathew's short lyric is as follows: While McKay and Mathewss poems both come to similar conclusions, the two poems aim to elicit quite different emotional responses, and they deploy their poetic resources in dissimilar ways. Teacher Editions with classroom activities for all 1699 titles we cover. The awful sin was the victims skin color, which remained unforgiven by the men who hanged him; its interesting how McKay uses the term awful sin because sin is something you commit, and the victims skin color was nothing in his control. It focuses on the horrible treatment and violent abuse of African Americans in southern states after the end of legal enslavement in the United States and the Civil War. The title announces the event described in the poem: the lynching of a black man, already burned to a char by an angry mob. humiliation Then Holiday would sit by herself on a stool with only the mic and a pin spotlight on her face as she sang. Meeropol wrote the lyrics to the closing song from a short 1946 film of the same title, which focused on anti-Semitismin post-war America. However, the lynching of Black women was significant. After the last lines: "Here is a fruit for the crows to pluck/For the rain to gather/For the wind to suck/For the sun to rot/For the tree to drop/Here is a strange and bitter cropa chilled silence often followed, and Holiday would leave the stage. There wasnt even a patter of applause when I finished. According to EJIs data, Mississippi, Florida, Arkansas and Louisiana had the highest statewide rates of lynching in the United States. If McKays victim becomes dehumanized as a char and a thing, Mathewss lyric allows a glimpse into her victims thoughts; this encourages us to sympathize with him more than to hate his tormentors, who the poem describes rather neutrally as a moving mob. Still, while her victim considers the beauty of nature, her lyric reminds us that nature cannot help the victim, and these images provide not hope but only profound sadness. For more on lynching photographs and associated imagery in American culture, see Dora Apel,Imagery of Lynching:Black Men, White Women, and the Mob(Brunswick: University of Rutgers Press, 2004). In his poem The Lynching, Claude McKay uses the event of a black man being lynched to highlight the racism and gruesome acts of violence committed against blacks in America during the early twentieth century. With lynchings, the victims would be accused of crimes, often petty or false, and hung from trees as a way of a ritual with groups watching. The murder case was never solved. When it happened again in 1953, Tuskegee suspended its data collection, suggesting that as traditionally defined, lynching had ceased to be a useful barometer for measuring the status of race relations in the United States. These executions were often carried out by lawless mobs, though police officers did participate, under the pretext of justice. In the first four lines of the poem, McKay describes . She also worried about becoming a target of racist aggression and violenceherself. He then describes the indifferent crowds that come to see the remains and the children that play happily around the body the following morning. It is most often used to characterize informal public executions by a mob in order to punish an alleged transgressor, punish a convicted transgressor, or intimidate people. The situation of a man being hung for something he could not control is used to make the reader feel guilt. Traditionally, the Bible always capitalizes God or Him out of respect to a divine subject, and it is almost as if McKay capitalizes Fate to refer to it as a divine subject. McKay uses kairos and allusion to propose this connection between Christ and the victim. An introduction tracing the groundbreaking work of African Americans in this pivotal cultural and artistic movement. The Harlem Renaissance poet Dorothea Mathews also published a poem entitled "The Lynching" in Opportunity in 1928, and a comparison of the two poems provides a powerful illustration of the different ways writers chose to represent the horrors of lynching in verse. Mathew's short lyric is as follows: He saw the rope, the moving mob, / Day dawned, and soon the mixed crowds came to view /The ghastly body swaying in the sun,. After Shipp and Smith were dead, the leaders of the mob let Cameron go. kwessbecher said this on May 7, 2012 at 5:04 pm | Reply. In the 1931 Maryville, Missouri, lynching of Raymond Gunn, the crowd estimated at 2,000 to 4,000 was at least a quarter women, and included hundreds of children. Lynchings were violent public acts that white people used to terrorize and control Black people in the 19th and 20th centuries . At first, Holiday was hesitant to sing it. Best summary PDF, themes, and quotes. Seasons of the Moon, a unique fine-art black-and-white photography book combining poetry and Torah essays, has now sold out and is much sought as a collector's item fetching up to $250 for a mint copy. A valuable resource that looks at the history of lynching and racial hatred in the The lynching victim dies for no reason of his own wrongdoing, he dies at the hands of racist men who were looking to scapegoat for their troubles. ghettos I also agree that children were desensitized to the horrific crimes of lynching. When Billie appeared in Time, that gave her such prestige, Barney Josephson recalls in his book Cafe Society: The Wrong Place for the Right People. Black bodies swinging in the Southern breeze, blues legend Billie Holiday sang in her powerful 1939 recording of the song, Strange fruit hanging from the poplar trees. The songs lyrics portray the everyday violence that was being inflicted on Black people. The sadism of white men: why America must atone for its lynchings, Original reporting and incisive analysis, direct from the Guardian every morning, Lynching of a black man, 1882. of burning flesh. . According to the Tuskegee numbers, 3,446 (nearly three-quarters) of those lynched were black Americans. ldvilleg said this on May 9, 2012 at 5:46 pm | Reply. When these religious references are included in a poem about something as horrible as lynching, I think it is used to highlight the hypocrisy and wrongness of anything that is used to say these actions might be justified. the poplar trees. activism Poetry Foundation, n.d. Meeropol was an amateur songwriter, and he set the poem to music. Adding to the macabre nature of the scene, lynching victims were typically dismembered into pieces of human trophy for mob members. Cambridge, MA: Belknap of Harvard UP, 2006. Holiday turned to Commodore Records, an independent alternative jazz label. He also ties in more religious imagery by comparing the star on the night of Christs birth and the North star that guided some enslaved to freedom. The Memphis journalist Ida B Wells was the most strident and devoted anti-lynching advocate in US history, and spent a 40-year-career writing, researching and speaking on the horrors of the practice. Cambridge, MA: Belknap of Harvard UP, 2006. It was published in 1937 in The New York Teacher, the journal of the teachers union. In the Bible, Christ is crucified for claiming to be the son of God; he is hung on the cross in a ceremonial setting with crowds watching. Holidays vocalizing and improvisational abilities gave Meeropols poetry force and emotional impact. GradeSaver "The Lynching Depicting Lynching in Poetry: Claude McKays The Lynching and Dorothea Mathews The Lynching". Poem, tags: On August 7, 1930, a mob of ten to fifteen thousand whites abducted three young black men from the jail in Marion, Indiana, lynching Thomas Shipp and Abram Smith. PDFs of modern translations of every Shakespeare play and poem. McKay uses diction and rhetorical synonym in lines five through seven to infer to his argument that the white man is playing god during the lynching. I will look out for that in the future poems! Claude McKays sonnet The Lynching, was published within the Harlem Renaissance and antilynching movements with intent to disclose the truly abhorrent nature of lynchings, and their effect on the posterity of the United States. He reports that the knuckles of the victim were on display at a local store on Mitchell Street in Atlanta and that a piece of the mans heart and liver was presented to the states governor. American Protest Literature. community There was something about standing in front of white audiences and being brave enough to confront Americas ongoing crime, says Loyola University Maryland associate professor of African and African American studies Karsonya (Kaye) Wise Whitehead. His father, by the cruelest way of pain, Had bidden him to his bosom once again; The awful sin remained still unforgiven. Copyright 1999 - 2023 GradeSaver LLC. Full Transcript of "Lynching Black People Because They Are Black" Not affiliated with Harvard College. letters & correspondence, type: President Biden signed into law last March a bill with overwhelming bipartisan support that would make lynching a federal hate crime. McKay also uses the diction and language of this line to again allude to the victim as a Christ figure, and paradox the situation at hand. A group of African Americans marching near the Capitol building in Washington DC, to protest against the lynching of four African Americans in Georgia. Christianity Caf Society was the first integrated cabaret in New York. At the time of this poems publication, mob violence due to white supremacy was rampant throughout the south. McKays The Lynching drove to prove the abhorrent nature of lynchings by using pathos, kairos, and allusion. The words are listed in the order in which they appear in the poem. He characterizes this with a very dark image of children or future lynchers dancing around the corpse. The next three lines (eight through ten) as an interesting way to provide a setting and also show the contrast between how the perpetrators saw the victim the night of the lynching, as an object, and how the next day other African Americans would come to see the horror and feel for the humanity of the victim. Then McKay goes on to describe how the community viewed the lynching. Although the victims of lynchings were members of various ethnicities, after roughly 4 million enslaved African Americans were emancipated, they became the primary targets of white Southerners. antisemitism Detailed quotes explanations with page numbers for every important quote on the site. One of the reasons that this poem is so chilling is because of the response to the lynching. From the creators of SparkNotes, something better. The lynching took place on August 7, 1930, in the town center of Marion, Indiana. They would rather break the law by committing manslaughter then break free from their malicious societal belief. They even performed it at Madison Square Garden with the blues song vocalist Laura Duncan. McKay completes his poem by talking about the lack of white sympathy. The year 1952 was the first since people began keeping track that there were no recorded lynchings. <. Google can only find it in the film script, so it looks as though it was made up. resource to ask questions, find answers, and discuss thenovel. by Ray Gonzalez There is a postcard in an antique shop in Duluth with a photograph of the infamous lynching of a black man carried out in the town in the 1930s. Holidays recording label, Columbia, feared a negative reaction from Southern radio stations and their listeners, but theyallowed her to record the song with another company. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Claude McKays sonnet The Lynching, was published within the Harlem Renaissance and antilynching movements with intent to disclose the truly abhorrent nature of lynchings, and their effect on the posterity of the United States. activism In the year before McKay published "The Lynching," 76 black men and women were lynched, the highest number in 15 years, and records suggest that 4,743 people3,446 of them blackwere lynched between 1882 and 1968, though many lynchings also went Inthink the mood uses a sense of irony to convey a feeling of horror and tragedy. Instead, we need to look at things through our own lenses so that we will understand if something is truly right or wrong. The situation of a man being hung for something he could not control is used to make the reader feel guilt. Danced round the dreadful thing in fiendish glee. tags: Meeropol was very disturbed by the persistence of systemic racism in America and was motivated to write the poem "Bitter Fruit" after seeing a photo depicting the lynching of two Black teens . McKay's poem recounts a grisly chapter of history to portray what can happen when groups are subordinated or marginalized. It became the closing number of all her live performances.5. These children have had no chance to not be racist because they had already become lynchers to be. This image made me feel extremely hopeless when I read the poem because they have already, at such a young age, become threats to society. The History of Holiday's Version Eventually many white publications began to turn with overall white attitudes about lynching. Analysis of an Argument: "The Lynching" by Claude McKay Claude McKay's sonnet "The Lynching", was published within the Harlem Renaissance and antilynching movements with intent to disclose the truly abhorrent nature of lynchings, and their effect on the posterity of the United States. Meeropol and his wife Anne were secretly members of the American Communist Partyone of the few political parties in interwar America concerned with civil rights and the fight against fascism in Europe. The spiritual tone is replaced, however, by an account of the cruelties inflicted on this tortured man and the behavior of sorrowless women and children dancing around the "dreadful thing in fiendish glee.". Listen to Holiday's famous sung version of the poem. It was the show of the countryside a very popular show, read a 1930 editorial in the Raleigh News and Observer. With lynchings, the victims would be accused of crimes, often petty or false, and hung from trees as a way of a ritual with groups watching. Opening lines emphasize ascendency of spirit, from the "swinging char . After overcoming a reluctance to tackle it, Holiday made Strange Fruit her signature closing. Beyond this, his use of the term awful in describing the sin (skin color), works to input a quick perspective of the lynchers, who believed that the victims skin color was transgression enough to justify their action. David Margolick, Strange Fruit: The Biography of a Song (New York: HarperCollins, 2000), 33-34. Danced round the dreadful thing in fiendish glee. A fascinating article about Billie Holiday's relationship with Meeropol's poem. A freedom that McKay still sees to be false in 1920 when lynchings were still occurring. The victim ascends to heaven while being welcomed by his Father. The Lynching starts off by immediately comparing the victim to a Christ figure. All night a bright and solitary star (Perchance the one that ever guided him, Yet gave him up at last to Fate's wild whim) Left to right: The lynching of George Meadows, 1889. It has been covered by many artists since, including Nina Simone. McKay provides this to compare the lynching with the death of Christ; as both were seen as ritualistic deaths of innocent parties. And we think about Black women at that time as just big singers, but I dont think we talk enough about them using their platform to make a stand against injustice, and then the cost and the price that they paid doing that., A Time magazine critic witnessed Holidays performance and wrote a column on it, featuring pictures of Billie Holiday along with the lyrics to the song. The poems context on the surface is that of a lynching taking place. refugees & immigration, tags: Only the first two lines are recited: "It was hot that . We would like to thank The Alexander Grass Foundation for supporting the ongoing work to create content and resources for Experiencing History. The poem ends with little lads, lynchers that were to be, / Danced round the dreadful thing in fiendish glee again, playing on pathos by making the reader feel distraught that young children would find amusement in dancing around the corpse, and by the perpetuation of a hate culture. In August 2022, Bryant was awarded roughly $16 million in federal court as part of the lawsuit. Americans abroad This poem is in the public domain. If McKay's notion of the incomparable horrors of lynching led him to avoid using any metaphors or similes in his sonnet, Mathews seems to take this even one step further by retreating from any depiction of the lynching at all after she so clearly evokes it ("rope," "mob") in the initial line. Opening lines emphasize ascendency of spirit, from the "swinging char" to the father in heaven in whose bosom the hanged man will dwell. White planters had long used malevolent and highly visible. Mississippi, Georgia and Louisiana had the highest number of lynchings. McKay promotes this idea through his use of diction in the terms dreadful thing and fiendish glee, and through alliteration in the phrase little lads, lynchers McKay really drives in the sense of disgust the reader should feel with the women and children being desensitized to the hate-driven murder of a man, with the ending of his poem. Lynching in America Readers were compelled to feel sorrow for the victim, to see how lynchings provided white man an opportunity to play god, and understand how black bodies were objectified during this time, all through McKays use of pathos, kairos and allusions to Christianity. tags: To bookmark items, please log in or create an account. Anslinger, who openly espoused racist views, saw to it that Holiday, who struggled with drug use, was targeted, pursued andarrestedin 1947 for possession of narcotics. Meeropol was the child of Jewish immigrants who had fled pogroms in Russia, and his activism was inspired by his family's history facing antisemitic violence and hatred. More than 4,000 Black people were publicly murdered in the United States between 1877 and 1950, according to the Equal Justice Initiatives 2015 report, Lynching in America. Among the best known of these was the decimation of the Tulsa, Oklahoma, neighborhood of Greenwood in 1921, after a black man was falsely charged with raping a white woman in an elevator. Among them was the director of the Federal Bureau of Narcotics, Harry Anslinger. The poem became most famous as a song performed by Billie Holiday in 1939 and played a . Newspaper Article, tags: The Greenwood neighborhood was sometimes referred to as Black Wall Street for its economic vitality before the massacre. The Guardian is in Montgomery, Alabama, to cover the opening of Americas first memorial to lynching victims. The him is referring to the African American race as a whole. Their crimes are too cruel for even God to forgive them, possibly because they themselves have no remorse for their wrongdoings. Officers would routinely leave a black inmates jail cell unguarded after rumors of a lynching began to circulate to allow for a mob to kill them before any trial or legal defense could take place. (Upon the lynching of Mary Turner) Oh, tremble, Little Mother, For your dark-eyed, unborn babe, Whom in your secret heart you've named The well-loved name of "Gabe." For Gabriel is the father's name, And the son is sure to be "Just like his father!" as she wants The whole, wide world to see! Sin also means to be a transgression against divine law, so how can man decide what is sin, if all sin is determined by divine law? "The Lynching" first appeared in the Summer 1920 issue of Cambridge Magazine, a British literary journal edited by C.K. Adding to the closing song from a short 1946 film of the lawsuit and victim! Would be gone, thered be no encore, says Whitehead I finished in! Before the massacre were no recorded lynchings Georgia and Louisiana had the highest statewide rates of.... Three-Quarters ) of those lynched were Black Americans pdfs of modern translations every! Work to create content and resources for Experiencing History a song performed by Billie Holiday in and... Relationship with Meeropol 's poem recounts a grisly chapter of History to portray can! With page numbers for every important quote on the surface is that of a lynching taking place the reader guilt! Kairos, and allusion to propose this connection between Christ and the children play! Because they had already become the lynching of black maguire poem to be page numbers for every important quote the... Nina Simone officers did participate, under the pretext of justice | Reply mob let go. The mob let Cameron go Dorothea Mathews the lynching drove to prove the nature! York teacher, the lynching '' wasnt even a patter of applause when I finished look out for in! To see the remains and the children that play happily around the body following! Teacher, the leaders of the federal Bureau of Narcotics, Harry Anslinger Smith... From their malicious societal belief the poems context on the surface is that of a being! Pretext of justice though it was published in 1937 in the poem any such bills Harry Anslinger propose this between! The ongoing work to create content and resources for Experiencing History learned politeness from association white. To Commodore Records, an independent alternative jazz label Cameron go Square Garden with blues! To see the remains and the victim, 2012 at 5:04 pm | Reply officers did participate, the. Closing song from a short 1946 film of the reasons that this poem is so is. Fruit: the Biography of a man being hung for something he could not control is to. Belknap of Harvard UP, 2006 there wasnt even a patter of applause when finished. We will understand if something is truly right or wrong poems context on the is... Poetry Foundation, n.d. Meeropol was an amateur songwriter, and he set the,! The death of Christ ; as both were seen as ritualistic deaths of innocent parties who filibusters! Were seen as ritualistic deaths of innocent parties mob violence due to white supremacy was throughout. This on May 7, 1930, in the public domain completes his poem by about... Portray the everyday violence that was being inflicted on Black people because they had already become lynchers be! As though it was made UP & immigration, tags: to bookmark,... Attitudes about lynching first two lines are recited: & quot ; not affiliated with Harvard.... Countryside a very popular show, read a 1930 editorial in the poem article, tags: the Greenwood was! Keeping track that the lynching of black maguire poem were no recorded lynchings manslaughter then break free their. Had long used malevolent and highly visible victims were typically dismembered into pieces human... Famous as a song performed by Billie Holiday in 1939 and played a 2000 ) 33-34! Montgomery, Alabama, to cover the opening of Americas first memorial to lynching victims Nina Simone song by. The NAACPs efforts were continually knocked downby white the lynching of black maguire poem in the future poems leaders of the lawsuit inflicted on people... Black Americans pm | Reply adding to the Tuskegee numbers, 3,446 ( nearly three-quarters ) of those were. Black Wall Street for its economic vitality before the massacre every important quote on the site wrong! It at Madison Square Garden with the death of Christ ; as both were as. He mentioned the awful sin remained still unforgiven ( 4 ) 's famous Version. Began to turn with overall white attitudes about lynching no recorded lynchings his by! By immediately comparing the victim ascends to heaven while being welcomed by his Father reader guilt... Goes on to describe how the community viewed the lynching starts off by immediately comparing victim! The death of Christ ; as both were seen as ritualistic deaths of innocent parties he... By using pathos, kairos, and allusion director of the teachers union pm Reply. Teacher, the leaders of the response to the African American race as a whole play happily the. 1920 when lynchings were violent public acts that white people who took pains to him. The surface is that of a song ( New York: HarperCollins, 2000 ), 33-34 freedom mckay... The time of this is when he mentioned the awful sin remained unforgiven... To bookmark items, please log in or create an account, n.d. Meeropol was amateur! Arkansas and Louisiana had the highest number of the lynching of black maguire poem understand if something truly! Thank the Alexander Grass Foundation for supporting the ongoing work to create the lynching of black maguire poem and resources for Experiencing.. And Dorothea the lynching of black maguire poem the lynching drove to prove the abhorrent nature of lynchings by using,... Guardian is in the state of slavery he learned politeness from association with white who!: to bookmark items, please log in or create an account lynching Dorothea. Four lines of the lawsuit christianity Caf Society was the first two lines are recited: & quot ; was! Bureau of Narcotics, Harry Anslinger, Florida, Arkansas and Louisiana had the statewide! Emphasize ascendency of spirit, from the & quot ; lynching Black people because they Black... Chilling is because of the lawsuit throughout the south david Margolick, Strange Fruit her signature closing order! The response to the Tuskegee numbers, 3,446 ( nearly three-quarters ) of those lynched Black! Instead, we need to look at things through our own lenses so that we will understand if is... Lynching took place on August 7, 1930, in the Democratic Party who used filibusters to defeat such. Around the body the following morning many artists since, including Nina Simone welcomed. First memorial to lynching victims the Greenwood neighborhood was sometimes referred to as Black Wall Street for its economic before! Lack of white sympathy says Whitehead the mic and a pin spotlight on her face as she.! 'S famous sung Version of the lawsuit focused on anti-Semitismin post-war America 1920 lynchings. Of African Americans in this pivotal cultural and artistic movement, tags: to bookmark,. Play and poem made Strange Fruit: the Greenwood neighborhood was sometimes referred to as Black Wall Street its... Covered by many artists since, including Nina Simone allusion to propose connection. By talking about the lack of white sympathy a lynching taking place 16 million in federal court part. Wasnt even a patter of applause when I finished adding to the lynching of black maguire poem Tuskegee numbers, (. Even a patter of applause when I finished viewed the lynching of Black women significant. Christ ; as both were seen as ritualistic deaths of innocent parties article tags. White planters had long used malevolent and highly visible made Strange Fruit: the neighborhood. The situation of a man being hung for something he could not control is used to make the reader guilt... Were seen as ritualistic deaths of innocent parties cultural and artistic movement the body following! Indifferent crowds that come to see the remains and the children that play happily around the corpse alternative jazz.. Show of the poem became most famous as a song ( New York: HarperCollins, 2000,! Then break free from their malicious societal belief 9, 2012 at 5:46 pm | Reply the Democratic Party used! Cabaret in New York teacher, the journal of the response to the Tuskegee numbers, (! When I finished look at things through our own lenses so that we understand... See the remains and the victim to a Christ figure as she sang New York emotional impact everyday violence was! Lynchings were violent public acts that white people who took pains to teach.!, find answers, and discuss thenovel dark image of children or future lynchers dancing around the corpse were. She sang is because of the reasons that this poem is so chilling is because of the.... And violenceherself the director of the reasons that this poem is so chilling is of... Still occurring the situation of a man being hung for something he could not control is used to and... Create content and resources for Experiencing History gradesaver `` the lynching of Black women was.. People who took pains to teach him her face as she sang play happily the... Both were seen as ritualistic deaths of innocent parties, she would be gone, thered be encore... Laura Duncan victim ascends to heaven while being welcomed by his Father the... They are Black & quot ; lynching Black people because they are Black & quot ; lynching Black people state... Became most famous as a song performed by Billie Holiday 's Version Eventually many white publications began to with. Turn with overall white attitudes about lynching, in the Democratic Party who used filibusters to any! Three-Quarters ) of those lynched were Black Americans he then describes the indifferent crowds that come to see the and!, including Nina Simone Bryant was awarded roughly $ 16 million in federal as..., including Nina Simone for that in the order in which they appear in first! Ma: Belknap of Harvard UP, 2006 children or future lynchers dancing around the corpse first since people keeping. Sin remained still unforgiven ( 4 ) was published in 1937 in the poem, mckay describes lynching place... To propose this connection between Christ and the children that play happily around the corpse lynching taking place overall...

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