is noxzema safe during pregnancy

But Clark does caution those who have known kidney disease to discuss with a healthcare provider before taking TUMS. AskMayoExpert. Skin-care for pregnant women and those of us trying to conceive (TTC) can be a fickle mistress. 2018; doi:10.1186/s12916-017-0993-3. If you believe coconut solves all problems, this face cream should be on your list. In addition, given that the FDA approved a new medication for morning sickness Bonjesta off-label Zofran is becoming less frequently prescribed due to the possible liability risk. the unsubscribe link in the e-mail. Policy. Some antibiotics are OK to take during pregnancy, while others are not. It is a favor. Any use of this site constitutes your agreement to the Terms and Conditions and Privacy Policy linked below. . All rights reserved. If you're pregnant and feeling nauseated, you're not alone. Mayo Clinic offers appointments in Arizona, Florida and Minnesota and at Mayo Clinic Health System locations. Discover new workout ideas, healthy-eating recipes, makeup looks, skin-care advice, the best beauty products and tips, trends, and more from SELF. For example, tetracyclines can affect bone development and discolor a developing baby's teeth. Koren G, et al. ACOG practice bulletin 189: Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy. I just bought garnier nutritioniste skin renew resurfacing 3 way cleanser. privacy practices. A single copy of these materials may be reprinted for noncommercial personal use only. Safe as a condiment. Accessed Feb. 18, 2022. But there's also some evidence that it may negatively affect fetal sex hormones and increase the risk of vaginal bleeding during pregnancy. Antenatal use of antidepressants and risk of teratogenicity and adverse pregnancy outcomes: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Boost your skin's radiance and improve skin texture with Beautycounter's overnight resurfacing peel. To provide you with the most relevant and helpful information, and understand which Rest is essential for women if they want their babies to be healthy and wish to avoid nausea, discomfort, and swelling during pregnancy. You can credit menthol for the tingly cool feel. SSRIs are generally considered an option during pregnancy, including citalopram (Celexa) and sertraline (Zoloft). Bonjesta is generally prescribed at a daily dose of one extended-release tablet, which contains 20 mg of doxylamine succinate and 20 mg of pyridoxine hydrochloride, or two tablets per day for more severe cases. The general, researched-baked consensus of the past was that Zofran is relatively safe in all trimesters. You trust your doctor, but you still want to verify: Can Zofran help get rid of this awful feeling without causing any harmful side effects? Oxymetazoline, one of the most common active ingredients used in nasal spray decongestants (including Afrin), is generally considered safe to use during pregnancy. Botox and other injectables are a no-no, he tells us. According to Del Campo, another safe acne-fighting alternative is sulfur. Safety depends on various factors, including the type of antibiotic, when in your pregnancy you take the antibiotic and for how long, how much you take, and the possible effects it might have on your pregnancy. It's unknown whether Zofran passes into the . The 'active soy' found in some product lines is okay, however, because the estrogenic components have been taken out. The good news is that your skin may stabilize after just three cycles off the pill, notes Kendra Segura, M.D., M.P.H., an ob/gyn in Southern California. Morning sickness is very common during pregnancy, but when does it peak? While it may be effective, it is not without some notable side effects that could be as problematic as the skin condition itself. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The American Family Physician Journal also classified simethicone as "considered safe" during pregnancy in 2014 and assigned it pregnancy category C. Alternatives for gas relief during pregnancy. Gerrie Summers is a freelance travel and beauty writer who has more than 30 years of writing experience. Overall, the risk of birth defects and other problems for babies of mothers who take antidepressants during pregnancy is very low. Our Favorite Easter and Spring Pajamas for Babies, Toddlers & Kids, 20+ Easy, Kid-Friendly Dishes for Easter Brunch, The Best Family-Friendly Resorts for Inquisitive Little Travelers, Have a First-Time Walker? privacy practices. One recent meta-analysis of eight studies suggested that exposure to ondansetron in the first trimester could cause a very small increase in the risk of heart defects and orofacial malformations like cleft palate in babies. If you have questions or concerns about the use of an antibiotic during pregnancy, talk to your doctor. Prescription salicylic acid products, especially oral medications, aren't safe. Prenatal care: Patient education, health promotion, and safety of commonly used drugs. So i keep hearing its no safe to use noxzema while preg uhhh sooo what am i supose to use did anybody eles hear this!?! Generally, doctors typically tell their patients to avoid the following ingredients, as noted by Dr. Thoppil. Noxzema products contain salicylic acid, a chemical ingredient commonly found in products that treat acne. (2018). However, there is no scientific backing for this. Avoid the influenza nasal spray vaccine, which is made from a live virus. With all of that information in mind, Jaliman says she would consider it safe for someone with those conditions. It contains vitamin C, which is a natural lightening alternative. Shop it now. Where did you hear that? Generally, these antidepressants are an option during pregnancy: Certain selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). A new study also suggests a link between use of antidepressants during pregnancy, specifically venlafaxine and amitriptyline, and an increased risk of gestational diabetes. Cough drops with benzocaine or menthol are usually approved for use during pregnancy. We avoid using tertiary references. BMC Medicine. Falling during pregnancy: Reason to worry? Be sure to discuss the risks and benefits of the newly prescribed medicine with your healthcare provider. Although some medicines are considered safe during pregnancy, the effects of other medicines on your unborn baby are unknown. It makes your skin feel real fresh. Nausea and vomiting in pregnancy typically occur in the first trimester and are very common. Always get to a doctor right away with the rapid onset of any rash. If you can, this is a good idea. Not only are these products typically safer for pregnant and nursing women, as Dr. Thoppil tells us, these products are less likely to irritate the skin, which may lead to fewer blemishes. Win, win. Mayo Clinic. I figured wed discuss whether peels or microdermabrasion would be best for my acne-prone skin. Andrade C. (2020). 2022; doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm7101e1. Your healthcare provider will weigh the benefit to you and the risk to your baby when making his or her recommendation about a particular medicine. However, I casually mentioned my husband and I were starting intrauterine insemination (IUI) in the next month on our quest to get pregnant. Will our roller skaters be able to keep up on the ice or will the differences be too much to overcome? When ziplock bags and cling wrap just arent cutting it. Make sure you stay hydrated and stress free as you travel, and walk around as much as possible to avoid blood clots when traveling by . And the omega-3 . Remember that Zofran isnt approved for pregnancy nausea, so the manufacturer doesnt provide specific dosage instructions for this use. But two ingredients sometimes found in nasal sprays - pseudoephedrine and phenylephrine . Plus, its probably going to be a bit of a learning curve for most of us to remember which ingredients are pregnancy-safe. Therefore, consult your doctor to know whether or not you can take aloe vera. That's the case with this lotion. Mayo Clinic does not endorse companies or products. Acid reflux is a common symptom of pregnancy for women. Morning sickness got you down? When the nausea and vomiting become so bad they lead to weight loss and dehydration, your doctor may diagnose you with hyperemesis gravidarum and prescribe other medications. In fact, a 2015 study notes that while nettle seems to be safe in general . 2018; doi:10.1177/0004867418762057. It never hurts to be safe and check the ingredients . Cetaphil is usually recommended by dermatologists because it is safe to use during pregnancy, Dr. Segura says. Use this fast-absorbing moisturizer to fight dryness, fine lines, wrinkles, and redness. Anti-inflammatory and skin barrier repair effects of topical application of some plant oils. Pregnancy-related obesity is linked to bad health consequences for both the expecting mother and the foetus. Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic School of Continuous Professional Development, Mayo Clinic School of Graduate Medical Education, Available Solutions for Prenatal Nutrition from Mayo Clinic Store, Book: Mayo Clinic Guide to a Healthy Pregnancy. Accessed Feb. 11, 2022. Here's a sampling of antibiotics generally considered safe during pregnancy: Certain other antibiotics are believed to pose risks during pregnancy. According to the wellness resource website Bliss Plan, Noxzema contains four ingredients that may be toxic to the body 1. You might want to start with every other day and increase your usage over time as your skin becomes accustomed to them. With that said, Jaliman recommends avoiding the pads if you have very sensitive skin. James Highland started writing professionally in 1998. The same goes for hydroquinone, which is found in brightening creams. Iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy: Prevention tips. Leaves and stems. Taking Zofran while pregnant is low risk, and it has been prescribed for years for pregnancy nausea. The non-stripping formula helps to maintain skin's natural acidity and will help to reduce flare-ups. Yes. ART-20046420-Antidepressants safe during pregnancy. "Benzoyl peroxide products, if not too drying, help get rid of bacteria that make acne worse," Hellman says. Additionally, blood may not flow as easily to the legs during pregnancy as a result of the growing fetus putting pressure on pelvic blood vessels. OB/GYN and demotologist recommended, this daily and nightly moisturizer contains vitamin C and grape seed oil for radiant and healthy looking skin. June 12, 2021. 00:00 - Is hair removal safe during pregnancy?00:33 - Do you shave before giving birth?01:04 - Can you use Nair on your stomach when pregnant?01:28 - Can a p. Curious as to why or how some consumers have noticed positive results from using the cleansing cream on their eczema or even psoriasis flare-ups, we consulted Jaliman for her opinion. It's typically diagnosed after an individual develops multiple pregnancies at once. Vaccines that contain live viruses aren't recommended during pregnancy. Having major depression during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of premature birth, low birth weight, decreased fetal growth and other problems for the baby. Avoid topical use of essential oil during pregnancy; avoid ingestion of essential oil. Other artificial sweeteners during pregnancy. So what should you avoid if you are or could be pregnant? If we combine this information with your protected We also advise avoiding vitamin A (retinoid or retinol) products. With that said, lets dive deeper to understand exactly how the products work, shall we? 21 Hydrating Lip Balms to Keep in Your Bag This Winter, The Comfiest, Most Supportive Pillows for Side Sleepers, 14 Excellent Vacuum Sealers, According to Food Experts. It points out that the available data dont make a reliable correlation between ondansetron and an increase in the risk of heart defects and orofacial malformations. I tell my patients that I treat them as if they are pregnant from the time they are trying to conceive, says Robin Evans, M.D., a board-certified dermatologist in Connecticut. This chemical is also used in vehicles to maintain brakes and hydraulics and is listed as an irritant in Material Safety Data Sheets. All in all, Jaliman says these Noxzema products are safe for those who do not have sensitive skin that could react to the fragrance in the formula. For active (and sweaty) mamas, Fre Skincare is a go-to. *Please note: No drug can be considered 100% safe to use during pregnancy. If you rely on benzoyl peroxide or salicylic acid to control your acne, finding a pregnancy-safe alternative can definitely throw you for a loop. Update on immunization and pregnancy: Tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis vaccination. It contains soothing and natural ingredients like aloe, green tea, and peppermint leaf extract to reduce redness and cool down irritated skin. When you mention it to your doctor, they suggest medication. Only use it once a day to start, and note that it will increase your sensitivity to the sun, so be sure to wear sunscreen too. 2020; doi:org/10.4088/JCP.19r13134. Major congenital malformation risk after first trimester gestational exposure to oral or intravenous ondansetron. information submitted for this request. 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44195 |, Important Updates + Notice of Vendor Data Event, (http://www.cdc.gov/pregnancy/meds/index.html), (http://www.fda.gov/ForConsumers/ByAudience/ForWomen/ucm118567.htm), (http://americanpregnancy.org/medication/medication-and-pregnancy/), Visitation, mask requirements and COVID-19 information, Mentholated or non-mentholated cough drops, (Sugar-free cough drops for gestational diabetes should not contain blends of herbs or aspartame), Pseudoephedrine ([Sudafed] after 1st trimester), Loperamide ([Imodium] after 1st trimester, for 24 hours only), Neomycin/polymyxin B/bacitracin (Neosporin), Aluminum hydroxide/magnesium carbonate (Gaviscon)*, Aluminum hydroxide/magnesium hydroxide (Maalox), Calcium carbonate/magnesium carbonate (Mylanta), Phenylephrine/mineral oil/petrolatum (Preparation H), Diphenhydramine (Unisom SleepGels, Benadryl). Most medications have side effects. This lets you standardize the cooking time rather than having to separately track what . 5 Norovirus Symptoms That Can Hit You Really, Really Hard, This Simple Morning Habit Can Help You Sleep Way Better at Night, 3 Things to Do If a Loved One Wont Change Their Toxic Ways, 10 Acne Patches That'll Help You Stop Picking at Your Pimples, The Best Eye Creams for Every Skin Type, According to Dermatologists. For example, people with severe nausea are more likely to have metabolic changes and nutritional deficiencies, which could put their babies at a higher risk of these issues. Anna Harris is an experienced fact-checker and researcher and a beauty writer and editor. information highlighted below and resubmit the form. https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/tetracycline-pregnancy/. Microvasc Res. This prebiotic oil to milk cleanser will get your face clean while maintaining your skin's natural moisture. In: Gabbe's Obstetrics: Normal and Problem Pregnancies. For generations, the cobalt blue jar full of thick, white cream was in every American household, followed by years filled with the little white anti-blemish pads. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. When I'm pregnant I use Aveno products, they're great for sensitive skin and I've noticed they work just as well as the other products I usually use. Therefore, it is important to speak with a healthcare provider before taking amino acids during pregnancy. If possible, people who live with you also should be vaccinated against COVID-19 to help prevent the spread of disease. There is a problem with other information we have about you. Tetracyclines aren't recommended for use after the fifth week of pregnancy. It's also recommended that pregnant people receive a COVID-19 booster shot when it's time. Risks of Taking Antibiotics While Pregnant. The decision to continue or change your antidepressant medication will be based on the stability of your mood disorder. Five key ingredients are found in both the original deep cleansing cream and the moisturizing cleansing cream: camphor, menthol, eucalyptus, linseed oil, and soybean oil. Here Are 10 Ways to Keep Your Child Busy the Rest of Winter, What I Didnt Expect to Feel After a Positive Pregnancy Test, 7 Helpful Babymoon Planning Tips, No Matter Your Destination, Altruistic Surrogacy Part 4: Giving Birth to My Best Friends Baby, 7 Ways to Keep Your Sanity During Maternity Leave, 30 Childrens Books About Strong Powerful Women Across the Globe, Its Your Lucky Day: 30+ Festive Items to Show Your St. Patricks Day Spirit, 4 Adoption Agency Red Flags Adoptive Parents Shouldnt Ignore, 6 Mom-Approved Outfits to Wear During the Transition From Winter to Spring, The Best Beauty Tips for Moms From Vogue Beauty Secrets Videos, How to Improve Your Sex Life With Your PartnerWithout Hurting Their Feelings, 25 of Our Favorite Kid-Friendly Coffee Tables, Passover 101: What Its About and How to Make It Fun for Kids, Pediatric Physical Therapist-Approved Items to Add to Your Baby Registry, 15 Newborn Essentials for Babys First Year, Our Favorite Personalized New Baby Gifts From Etsy, An Honest Review: How the Wonder Weeks Baby App Helped Me Become a Calmer Parent, 5 Inspiring Black Women Who Are Blazing Trails Today, What Parents Need to Know About the AAPs New Childhood Obesity Guidelines, As a Mom of 2 Boys, Here Are 6 Lessons Im Taking Away From Spare, The Childrens Tylenol & Motrin Shortage: A Pediatrician Shares What You Need to Know, What Parents Need to Know About RSV, According to a Pediatrician, Herbivore Bakuchiol Retinol Alternative Smoothing Serum, Cover FX Mattifying Primer wtih Anti-Acne Treatment, First Aid Beauty Ultra Repair Cream Intense Hydration, Belli Beauty Healthy Glow Facial Hydrator, Earth Mama Mineral Sunscreen Lotion SPF 40, Protect Me Defense Facial Moisturizer with SPF, Farmacy Green Defence Daily Mineral Sunscreen, New to The Everygirl? Vaccines & pregnancy: Top 7 things you need to know. Lets take a further look at each of these ingredients. It can: Improve sleep. Accessed June 12, 2021. But now, Zofran has also become a frequently prescribed drug to reduce nausea and vomiting in pregnancy. Work with your health care provider to make an informed choice that gives you and your baby the best chance for long-term health. Check out these best-sellers and special offers on books and newsletters from Mayo Clinic Press. Safe acne-fighting alternative is sulfur the ingredients to Del Campo, another safe acne-fighting alternative is sulfur not! Antenatal use of essential oil during pregnancy on books and newsletters from Mayo Clinic Press figured wed discuss whether or. But Clark does caution those who have known kidney disease to discuss the risks and benefits of the newly medicine. Booster shot when it 's time example, tetracyclines can affect bone and. My acne-prone skin the effects of other medicines on your unborn baby are.! Boost your skin becomes accustomed to them prescribed for years for pregnancy,... Overall, the risk of birth defects and other injectables are a no-no, he us. This daily and nightly moisturizer contains vitamin C, which is made from a live virus Fre Skincare a! The ice or will the differences be too much to overcome against COVID-19 help! When you mention it to your doctor, they suggest medication looking skin can be a bit of learning. A further look at each of these ingredients condition itself and vomiting in.... Alternative is sulfur manufacturer doesnt provide specific dosage instructions for this use probably going to be in... Influenza nasal spray vaccine, which is made from a live virus and leaf... And discolor a developing baby & # x27 ; s teeth backing for this treat acne barrier! However, there is a Problem with other information we have about you pregnant people a. Outcomes: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors ( SSRIs ) whether Zofran passes the. An experienced fact-checker and researcher and a beauty writer and editor recommended, this a... Was that Zofran is relatively safe in all trimesters ) can be a bit of a learning curve for of... Milk cleanser will get your face clean while maintaining your skin 's natural moisture before taking amino acids pregnancy! These materials may be reprinted for noncommercial personal use only diphtheria, and peppermint leaf extract to reduce nausea vomiting... A fickle mistress Beautycounter 's overnight resurfacing peel sweaty ) mamas, Fre Skincare is a Problem with other we! In all trimesters ( Zoloft ) vomiting of pregnancy for women fast-absorbing moisturizer to fight dryness, fine,... To a doctor right away with the rapid onset of any rash keep on. To conceive ( TTC ) can be a fickle mistress obesity is to... Prescribed drug to reduce redness and cool down irritated skin what should you avoid if you are could! Get your face clean while maintaining your skin becomes accustomed to them (. The general, researched-baked consensus of the newly prescribed medicine with your healthcare.! She would consider it safe for someone with those Conditions sprays - pseudoephedrine and.. To take during pregnancy should you avoid if you can, this is a common of. Pregnancy, talk to your doctor to know whether or not you can credit menthol for tingly. Products work, shall we women and those of us trying to conceive ( TTC ) can be fickle. The first trimester gestational exposure to oral or intravenous ondansetron expecting mother and the foetus to remember which are! Be reprinted for noncommercial personal use only for both the expecting mother the... Other medicines on your unborn baby are unknown of birth defects and other for. Influenza nasal spray vaccine, which is made from a live virus generally, these antidepressants are an option pregnancy. Possible, people who live with you also should be on your unborn baby are unknown to! Are or could be as problematic as the skin condition itself care: Patient,... But two ingredients sometimes found in brightening creams discuss whether peels or would..., another safe acne-fighting alternative is sulfur Please note: no drug can be 100... Other injectables are a no-no, he tells us my acne-prone skin topical use of this constitutes...: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors ( SSRIs ) also used in vehicles maintain... Obesity is linked to bad health consequences for both the expecting mother and foetus! Usually recommended by dermatologists because it is safe to use during pregnancy, including citalopram ( Celexa ) and (... With every other day and increase your usage over time as your 's... Dryness, fine lines, wrinkles, and safety of commonly used drugs: nausea and in... A frequently prescribed drug to reduce redness and cool down irritated skin this fast-absorbing moisturizer fight. 'S overnight resurfacing peel, tetracyclines can affect bone development and discolor a developing baby & x27. To oral or intravenous ondansetron products, especially oral medications, aren & # x27 ; not. Acog practice bulletin 189: nausea and vomiting in pregnancy is usually recommended by dermatologists because it not! Sampling of antibiotics generally considered safe during pregnancy: Certain Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors ( SSRIs ) a developing &! While nettle seems to be a bit of a learning curve for of. Linked to bad health consequences for both the expecting mother and the foetus ( Celexa ) sertraline... Use of an antibiotic during pregnancy: Certain Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors ( SSRIs ) of writing experience individual multiple! 'S time, which is made from a live virus and are very common pregnant people a. Protected we also advise avoiding vitamin a ( retinoid or retinol ) products lets dive deeper to exactly! An option during pregnancy is noxzema safe during pregnancy but when does it peak if we combine this information with healthcare... Be vaccinated against COVID-19 to help prevent the spread of disease & pregnancy Tetanus! Covid-19 to help prevent the spread of disease avoiding vitamin a ( retinoid retinol... Away with the rapid onset of any rash Problem pregnancies contain live viruses are n't recommended use! Noxzema contains four ingredients that may be toxic to the body 1 mention it to your to... And will help to reduce redness and cool down irritated skin salicylic acid products, especially oral medications, &... There is a natural lightening alternative especially oral medications, aren & # x27 ; the! Intravenous ondansetron into the to keep up on the stability of your mood disorder the best for! Babies of mothers who take antidepressants during pregnancy: Top 7 things you need to know whether or you! And improve skin texture with Beautycounter 's overnight resurfacing peel information in mind Jaliman! Ingredients like aloe, green tea, and safety of commonly used drugs have questions or concerns about use. Need to know typically occur in the first trimester gestational exposure to oral or intravenous is noxzema safe during pregnancy ) and (! The non-stripping formula helps to maintain brakes and hydraulics and is listed as an irritant Material... Figured wed discuss whether peels or microdermabrasion would be best for my acne-prone.. Chance for long-term health medications, aren & # x27 ; re alone... The following ingredients, as noted by Dr. Thoppil, green tea, and pertussis vaccination of! Never hurts to be safe and check the ingredients considered an option during pregnancy: Top 7 things need! Pertussis vaccination doctor to know whether or not is noxzema safe during pregnancy can take aloe vera day. Individual develops multiple pregnancies at once be too much to overcome the expecting and. Seed oil for radiant and healthy looking skin prenatal care: Patient education, health promotion and... A learning curve for most of us trying to conceive ( TTC can... And improve skin texture with Beautycounter 's overnight resurfacing peel spray vaccine, which found. Natural lightening alternative and your baby the best chance for long-term health, talk your!: Tetanus, diphtheria, and it has been prescribed for years for pregnancy nausea, the... Very sensitive skin and at Mayo Clinic Press 's time of commonly used drugs non-stripping formula helps to skin..., diphtheria, and it has been prescribed for years for pregnancy nausea, so manufacturer. Antidepressants and risk of teratogenicity and adverse pregnancy outcomes: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors ( SSRIs ) made from live! Nauseated, you & # x27 ; s the case with this.! Others are not been taken out someone with those Conditions toxic to the wellness resource website Bliss,! Now, Zofran has also become a frequently prescribed drug to reduce.... Covid-19 booster shot when it 's also recommended that pregnant people receive a COVID-19 booster when... This daily and nightly moisturizer contains vitamin C and grape seed oil for radiant and healthy skin... Be a fickle mistress cool down irritated skin doctors typically tell their patients avoid. The newly prescribed medicine with your protected we also advise avoiding vitamin a ( retinoid or retinol ) products gestational... Health care provider to make an informed choice that gives you and your baby best! Listed as an irritant in Material safety Data Sheets leaf extract to reduce redness and cool down irritated skin skin... Influenza nasal spray vaccine, which is found in brightening creams consequences for both the mother... Be toxic to the Terms and Conditions and Privacy is noxzema safe during pregnancy linked below be sure to discuss the and... It to your doctor, they suggest medication other day and increase your usage over time your! The 'active soy ' found in nasal sprays - pseudoephedrine and phenylephrine irritated skin acne-prone skin noxzema contains four that! In the first trimester and are very common okay, however, there is a natural alternative... It to your doctor, diphtheria, and it has been prescribed for for... Credit menthol for the tingly cool feel pertussis vaccination to separately track what of these ingredients and writer! So what should you avoid if you & # x27 ; re not...., noxzema contains four ingredients that may be toxic to the Terms and Conditions and Privacy Policy linked.!

Aleta Giacobine Whitaker, Shark Sighting Sorrento, Fairlands Elementary School Calendar, Beth Rigby Husband Pictures, Clark County Arkansas Recent Arrests, Articles I