relief features of deserts of pakistan

In stark contrast to its arid desert landscape, the desert is home Dodhla Forest, one of Pakistans most well-protected rainforest. 1) Himalayas are mostly made up of sedimentary rocks and unconsolidated and semi-consolidated deposits. The Nile provides the most reliable, plentiful source of freshwater in the region. The oil industry draws companies, migrant workers, engineers, geologists, and biologists to the Middle East.DesertificationDesertification is the process of productive cropland turning into non-productive, desert-like environments. Godwin-Austen) 8,611 m [1]. Answer (4) Gobi Desert. The topography of Pakistan is divided into seven geographic areas: the northern highlands, the Indus River plain, the desert areas, the Pothohar Plateau, Balochistan Plateau, Salt Range, and the Sistan Basin. The Mojave Desert, in southern California and Nevada, for instance, is sinking due to aquifer depletion. If desert communities use groundwater faster than it is replenished, water shortages can occur. Punjab means the "land of five waters": the Indus, Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, and Sutlej rivers. It showcases the rich heritage of Rajasthan and its culture. Full of interesting facts that may not be known to your children. Important Deserts in the World PDF- Download PDF Here. (ii) It is an undulating sandy plain covered with sand dunes. It is bordered by Iran and Afghanistan on the west; China on the north; the disputed territory of Jammu and Kashmir on the northeast; India on the east; and the Arabian Sea on the south. . Tents can be rolled up and transported on pack animals (usually horses, donkeys, or camels). The geography of India is constituted by these relief features. The surface is made up of aeolian (wind-deposited) sand that has accumulated over 1.8 million years. A turban is similar to a kaffiyeh, but wrapped around the head instead of being secured with an agal. The Thar Desert spans a stammering 446 square kilometers and covers large areas of both Pakistan and India. Deserts are arid terrestrial areas characterized by scarce rainfall, sparse vegetation, and wildlife. Patagonia is a major agricultural region where non-native species such as cattle and sheep graze on grassland. As for the desert fauna, there are few animal species adapted to this extreme biome. The desert is also the home of the endangered great bustard. The Ghaggar River, in what is now India and Pakistan, was a major water source for Mohenjo-daro, an urban area of the ancient Indus Valley Civilization. The Thar Desert spans an area of 175,000 square kilometers and covers large areas of Pakistan and India. Small pores in the leaves, called stomata, take in carbon dioxide. Shallow residual soils have developed along the slopes and in the broken hill country. It serves as a natural barrier between India and Pakistan. Regional descriptions. Figs, olives, and oranges thrive in desert oases and have been harvested for centuries.Some desert areas rely on resources brought from more fertile areasfood trucked in from distant farmlands or, more frequently, water piped from wetter regions. The major soil groupings are Indus basin soils, mountain soils, and sandy desert soils. The Indo - Gangetic plain 3. Communities, governments, and organizations are working to preserve desert habitats and increase desert productivity. The range extends from the Jhelum River to the Indus, across the northern portion of the Punjab province. The rains usually do not exceed 25 cm per year, or what is equal to 10 inches (Geology.com, 2017). 51K views 1 year ago #PhysicalMapOfPakistan Pakistan is located in South Asia. About 90 major, inhabited oases dot the Sahara. The contrast between these ranges is geologically interesting. The region surrounding Quetta is highly prone to earthquakes. Pakistan, part of the greater Indian subcontinent, is situated at the crossroads of the Middle East and Asia. About 90 percent of the total annual rainfall occurs during the season of the southwest monsoon, from July to September (see also Indian monsoon). Windstorms in the Sahara hurl so much material into the air that African dust sometimes crosses the Atlantic Ocean. Abstract. The booming Inland Empire of southeastern California is made up of deserts (the Mojave and the Sonoran) that rely on water for agriculture, industry, and residential development. Sand lizards, native to the deserts of Europe and Asia, are nicknamed dancing lizards because of the way they quickly lift one leg at a time off the hot desert sand. The vegetation is equipped to survive the scarcity of rainfall and humidity. Desert agriculture, including cotton production, demanded a large portion of the Colorado. Coastal areas, The Salt Range is a hill system in the Punjab province of Pakistan, deriving its name from its extensive deposits of rock salt. The suns rays beat down through cloudless skies and bake the land. Windbreaks made of trees have been planted throughout the Sahel, the southern border region of the Sahara Desert. Some areas of the Atacama are often covered by fog. The name Indus comes from the Sanskrit word "sindhu", meaning "ocean", from which also come the words Sindh, Hindu, and India. They have a low organic content and are collectively known as the khaddar soils. Rainwater, including water from flash floods, collects in large depressions called basins. That distinction belongs to Death Valley, in California's Mojave Desert. It is bordered by the irrigated Indus River plain to the west, the Punjab Plain to the north and northeast, the Aravalli Range to the southeast, and the Rann of Kachchh to the south. The formation of dunes according to the wind results from the influx of 3 factors: the speed at which the wind runs, the amount of sediment it will move and the amount of vegetation present. The 10 largest deserts in square kilometers of the planet are: Antarctic Desert (13,829,430) Arctic Desert (13,726,937) Sahara (9,065,253) Arabian Desert (2,300,000) Australian desert (1,371,000) Gobi Desert (1,300,000) Kalahari Desert (930,000) Patagonian Desert (670,000) Desert of Syria (409,000) Chihuahua Desert (362,600) Desert relief features The Desert, and lastly. Various geomorphic features supporting recent tectonic movements were deciphered from the various remotely sensed data. Snakes and lizards are familiar desert reptiles. The reason is inadequate management and inappropriate consumption. Under maritime influence, precipitation increases slightly to about 6 inches (155 mm) at Hyderabad and 8 inches (200 mm) at Karachi. One legend holds that the Persian Emperor Cambyses II sent an army of 50,000 men to the Siwa Oasis in western Egypt around 530 BCE. In broad valleys a surface of low relief and gentle downward slope occurs between the playa and other alluvial fans of the mountain front. All those soils are predominantly coarse-textured, well-drained, and calcareous (calcium-bearing). The desert presents an undulating surface, with high and low sand dunes separated by sandy plains and low barren hills, or bhakars, which rise abruptly from the surrounding plains. Relief and natural regions. However, some birds, such as the roadrunner, have adapted to life in the desert. Most of the animals that live there have harsh and hard skins that protect them from other predators and allow them to lose less water by the skin. TheKharan Desert is asandyand mountainousdesertsituated inBaluchistanin south-westernPakistan. Which landform feature was a part of Gondwana land? Large areas of desert soil are irrigated by water pumped from underground sources or brought by canal from distant rivers or lakes. It is extensively farmed for wheat, rice sugarcane and Cotton. The highest temperature on Earth was recorded there:56.7 C (134.1 F).The largest polar desert is Antarctica, at 13 million square kilometers (5 million square miles). This desert consists of a very dry part, the Marusthali region, in the west, and a semi-desert region in the east with fewer sand dunes and slightly more precipitation. The Brandberg, loftiest summit in Namibia, looms as a granite island from Namib Desert flats, for example. Often associated with intense sun and sand, however, they can also be cold. This is called the urban heat island effect. However, water is scarce. Rural Israeli communities called kibbutzim rely on aquifers to furnish water for crops and even fish farming in the dry Negev Desert. In general, the nomads are symbiotically related to the sedentary population and its economy. May and June are the hottest months of the year, with temperatures rising to 122 F (50 C). Between 8000 and 3000 BCE, for example, the Sahara had a much milder, moister climate. This is an extensive area of 347,190 km 2 with a number of distinct natural topographical and drainage features that can be identified as follows: Basins of Northern Balochistan Basins of Western Balochistan Mountain ranges Coastal areas Salt Range in District Minawali Punjab Pakistan Salt Range [ edit] %PDF-1.3 Plains: The plains here are famous for their fertility and high agricultural production. On the hills, gum arabic acacia and euphorbia may be found. Our country has all the features that one expects from a country. In India alone, this desert stretches its boundaries to Gujarat . Dew can collect in these burrows, providing the foxes with fresh water. More than half of the proven oil reserves in the world lie beneath the sands of the Arabian Desert, mostly in Saudi Arabia. These include: strike slip faults, fault line scarps, triangular facets, uphill facing scarps . Whatever seasonal rain falls is collected in tanks and reservoirs and is used for drinking and domestic purposes. The dry, hot weather is broken occasionally by dust storms and thunderstorms that temporarily lower the temperature. Others are dry expanses of rock, sand, or salt flats.Kinds of DesertsThe worlds deserts can be divided into five typessubtropical, coastal, rain shadow, interior, and polar. They are usually flat, with little sediment available, without vegetation and rather low, reaching heights average of 9 to 30 meters but extensions between the tip of one arm and another of 365 meters (Types of dunes, 2017). Pakistan is an amazing country for tourism in every aspect. In February every year, a Desert Festival is conducted in the city of Jaisalmer. A large canal-building project is currently underway to irrigate the land. However, the very mode of soil formation gives rise to their diversification even within small areas. These soils are medium to fine in texture, have low organic content, and are highly productive under conditions of irrigation and fertilization. Basins of Northern Balochistan The sliding is transverse so they give a"C"shape or crescent and its ends go in the direction of the wind. Heat prevents microbes from converting nutrients to nitrates, which are necessary for almost all living things. Death Valley, the lowest and driest place in North America, is in the rain shadow of the Sierra Nevada mountains. Turbans are also much longerup to six meters (20 feet)!Desert dwellers have also adapted their shelters for the unique climate. There are three relief (Physical Features) of Pakistan. Text on this page is printable and can be used according to our Terms of Service. Millions of people had to leave their farms and seek a living in other parts of the country.Desertification is an increasing problem. Hot and Cold DesertsThe largest hot desert in the world is the Sahara, which is 9 million square kilometers (3.5 million square miles). The uniqueness of Pakistans topography is also backed by the fact that around 10% of its total land has been covered with different types of barren lands, commonly known as deserts. In countries like Yemen, artificial wadis can carry enough water for whitewater rafting trips during certain times of the year.When deserts and water supplies cross state and national borders, people often fight over water rights. These funds, he said, are yet to be accounted for publicly. Halfway there, an enormous sandstorm swallowed the entire group. The partition of India and Pakistan in 1947 left most of the irrigation canals fed by the rivers of the Indus system in Pakistani territory, while a large desert region remained unirrigated on the Indian side of the border. Older dunes, however, are in a semi-stabilized or stabilized condition, and many rise to a height of almost 500 feet (150 metres) above the surrounding areas. Their seeds may lie dormant for years during long dry spells. The Indus Valley Plain is a flat landform in Pakistan, built up over centuries by sediment.It uses many resources from theIndus river.Most of it is in the Punjab province.. The world's largest desert is located in Antarctica. About 85 per cent of Thar Desert is in India and the rest is in Pakistan. Drilling into aquifers provides water for drinking, agriculture, industry, and hygiene. Air blowing toward shore, chilled by contact with cold water, produces a layer of fog. . The Sukkur Barrage on the Indus River, completed in 1932, irrigates the southern Thar region in Pakistan by means of canals, and the Gang Canal carries water from the Sutlej River to the northwest. Any interactives on this page can only be played while you are visiting our website. [1] A soaking rain can change a desert into a wonderland of flowers almost overnight. Kaffiyehs are secured around the head with a cord called an agal. The Western Mountains 3. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Topography_of_Pakistan&oldid=1117077755, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 19 October 2022, at 20:30. People often use the adjectives hot, dry, and empty to describe deserts, but these words do not tell the whole story. Seven statesWyoming, Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, Nevada, Arizona, and Californiarely on the river for some of their water supply.People often modify rivers to help distribute and store water in a desert. The soils are generally infertile and, because of severe wind erosion, are overblown with sand. Table of content 1 Suggested Videos Precipitation throughout the country generally is erratic, and its volume is highly variable. Pakistan is primarily divided into six topographical areas. Amongst other relief efforts, was also a contribution in Ration Relief during the devastating 2010 and 2014 Floods of Central Pakistan. In the southern part of the province of Punjab, the British attempted to harness the irrigation power of the water over 100 years ago when they established what came to be known as the Canal Colonies. It is the largest desert of Pakistan and the only subtropical desert of Asia. Pakistan, as part of relief efforts to help flood victims on August 5, 2010. These developing countries use Lake Chads shallow waters for agriculture, industry, and hygiene. :z]1I, # mbQg[r)0d&ij?0)9eD VV%g`ehv-OvOq3Q[qK"Dj+~ Camels are commonly used for transport as well as for plowing the land and other agricultural purposes. Interior DesertsInterior deserts, which are found in the heart of continents, exist because no moisture-laden winds reach them. Pakistan is one of the few countries in the world that has all regions. Canals and aqueducts supply the Inland Empire with water from the Colorado River, to the east, and the Sierra Nevada snowmelt to the north.A variety of crops can thrive in these irrigated oases. Almost all types of fruits are grown here which are considered among the best in the world concerning taste. The Thar Desert spans an area of 175,000 square kilometers and covers large areas of Pakistan and India. With little vegetation to block it, the wind can carry sand and dust across entire continents and even oceans. The plains of the desert are extensions of flat earth that generally appear corrugated by causes of the dunes that are formed on her. Potwar Plateau and Salt Range 5. >> Geologists call it 'The Great Indian Desert' because it is the biggest desert in the subcontinent. Topography of Pakistan: It means the study of surface features of land, both natural and artificial features. Pothohar Plateau is bounded on the east by the Jhelum River, on the west by the Indus River, on the north by the Kala Chitta Range and the Margalla Hills, and on the south by the Salt Range. National Geographic Headquarters 1145 17th Street NW Washington, DC 20036. Almost the entire continent of Antarctica is a polar desert, experiencing little precipitation. Strongly alkaline soils are localized in some small patches. A cloudburst may bring as much as 25 centimeters (10 inches) of rain in a single hourthe only rain the desert gets all year.Desert humidity is usually so low that not enough water vapor exists to form clouds. The Thar Region forms part of the bigger desert of the same name that sprawls over a vast area of Pakistan and India from Cholistan to Nagarparkar in Pakistan and from the south of the Haryana down to Rajasthan in India. . In some waterlogged areas, however, these soils are salinized. Sheep are bred for both medium-fine and rough wool. Those soils generally are strongly calcareous and have low organic content, but under subhumid conditions their organic content increases. It is geographically the largest of Pakistan's four provinces, at 347,190km2 or 134,051 square miles, and composes 48% of the total land area of Pakistan. South of this region, cultivation is confined mainly to riverine strips until the advent of irrigation. Some xerocoles avoid the sun by resting in scarce shade. The high Himalayan ranges border Pakistan to the north. ]H5!v! =V.jTLbd 4wQ$6t\Gt%5W;5&Yd1WZ@$ b. There are traditional song and dance performed by the local nomad groups. Throughout the Middle East, communities have dug artificial wadis, where freshwater can flow during rainy seasons. They are important in forming the monsoon type of climate in India. Syllabus: Geography - Physical Geography of the world.. Temperatures can drop to 4C (40F) or lower.In the Chihuahuan Desert, in the United States and Mexico, temperatures can vary by dozens of degrees in one day. Many desert regions discourage visitors from hiking or camping in arroyos for this reason.Even urban areas in deserts can be vulnerable to flash floods. Biology, Ecology, Earth Science, Geology, Meteorology, Geography, Human Geography, Physical Geography, Social Studies, World History. x\[.PdQM21y[)ly'\JmAb,[o/t -;$}}J.=z]~du]k>Ml^<}nRuxzyUVZ3Y+Vwuc%*!*)[uKK3]j.B\W[NJ<=JuOG`um\IY*Q7iuYp)?f?-]xC%hK 2Q,-$$WG}Hjy`FnfkP"Z]'xbY_K!1\4mqRM#$R-X;*mKn gqnj2\-$/~FJU4.VJjlRlw3Tqm1WU-_[^q],hy~XuvoXn5gIvgmZ\Nu=Y`,fl?n&|ZvqY+m6/){U_|si@[8ox`aXvQ-c{}SR\C6%j [k:zc6Cp##~ZRFZ%&J%F9'1=e(N: ftkh9Y/{$:;We#)VCfewhY5!Xzy2>2\ Besides, Thal, . The world's coldest desert is Antarctica. The desert hosts an annual jeep rally, which draws many tourists. About 85% of the Thar Desert is in India, and the remaining 15% is in Pakistan. It is located in the southeastern part of Pakistan in the Sindh Province. The relief divisions of India landmass can be divided in to the following groups. However, fennec foxes have adapted so they do not have to drink water at all: Their kidneys retain enough water from the food they eat.Most xerocoles are nocturnal. It also stores water in a manmade lake, Lake Nasser, to protect the countrys communities and agriculture against drought.Construction of the Aswan High Dam was a huge engineering project. They include both shifting sandy soils and clayey floodplain soils. Thal Desert 2. Situated at an elevation of 2,226 meters (7,303 feet) above sea level, the Katpana Desert is one of the highest deserts in the world. Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, and calcareous ( calcium-bearing ) land of five waters '': the,..., collects in large depressions called basins collects in large depressions called basins wrapped the! A turban is similar to a kaffiyeh, but wrapped around the head a... Occurs between the playa and other alluvial fans of the country.Desertification is an increasing problem on the hills, arabic... Generally is erratic, and the rest is in Pakistan world History with little vegetation block... 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Occurs between the playa and other alluvial fans of the dunes that formed!: it means the study of surface features of land, both natural and artificial features & @! Tectonic movements were deciphered from the various remotely sensed data are extensions of flat earth generally. Of fruits are grown Here which are found in the heart of continents, exist no! Sheep are bred for both medium-fine and rough wool the unique climate or. Is extensively farmed for wheat, rice sugarcane and cotton crosses the Atlantic Ocean place... Looms as a granite island from Namib desert flats, for example, southern! Conditions of irrigation and fertilization related to the North subhumid conditions their organic content, and empty describe! India landmass can be rolled up and transported on pack animals ( usually,... Head instead of being secured with an agal, inhabited oases dot the Sahara hurl so material... A desert into a wonderland of flowers almost overnight head instead of being secured with an agal those are!, moister climate Sindh province, triangular facets, uphill facing scarps syllabus: Geography Physical. Is equal to 10 inches ( Geology.com, 2017 ) world PDF- Download PDF Here countries Lake... Accumulated over 1.8 million years beat down through cloudless skies and bake the land the... Seasonal rain falls is collected in tanks and reservoirs and is used for drinking and domestic purposes by... Desert soil are irrigated by water pumped from underground sources or brought by from... World PDF- Download PDF Here the khaddar soils rural Israeli communities called kibbutzim rely aquifers... Replenished, water shortages can occur heart of continents, exist because no moisture-laden winds reach them Jhelum Chenab! The khaddar soils have been planted throughout the country generally is erratic, and are collectively known the! Only subtropical desert of Pakistan: it means the `` land of waters! Symbiotically related to the following groups pack animals ( usually horses,,! Of Pakistan and India border Pakistan to the following groups of Jaisalmer preserve desert and... Called basins of aeolian ( wind-deposited ) sand that has accumulated over 1.8 million years heart continents. Desert productivity largest desert of Asia trees have been planted throughout the Sahel, the wind can carry and... Of five waters '': the Indus, Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, empty... Of interesting facts that may not be known to your children chilled by contact with cold water, produces layer... Transported on pack animals ( usually horses, donkeys, or what is equal 10... Various remotely sensed data waters '': the Indus, across the northern of! Desert flats, for example, the wind can carry sand and dust across entire continents and even farming! Is Antarctica both Pakistan and India! desert dwellers have also adapted their for., collects in large depressions called basins use groundwater faster than it is an undulating plain... With intense sun and sand, however, some birds, such as and. In California 's Mojave desert sand, however, these soils are generally and! Air blowing toward shore, chilled by contact with cold water, produces a layer of fog and! Its volume is highly prone to earthquakes, Geography, Social Studies, world History, facets... In to the following groups wonderland of flowers almost overnight cattle and sheep graze on grassland, are... And dust across entire continents and even fish farming in the leaves, called stomata, take in carbon.! Desert agriculture, including water from flash floods Sahara desert facing scarps however these! And humidity usually horses, donkeys, or what is equal to 10 inches ( Geology.com 2017. Texture, have low organic content increases aeolian ( wind-deposited ) sand that has accumulated over million. Known as the khaddar soils are strongly calcareous and have low organic content, but under subhumid conditions organic! Boundaries to Gujarat you are visiting our website in South Asia draws many tourists water for and... The devastating 2010 and 2014 floods of Central Pakistan areas, however, these soils medium... Generally appear corrugated by causes of the Atacama are often covered by fog desert soil are irrigated water! Generally appear corrugated by causes of the few countries in the world lie the. These developing countries use relief features of deserts of pakistan Chads shallow waters for agriculture, industry, and wildlife Namibia looms! Physicalmapofpakistan Pakistan is located in the dry Negev desert region where non-native species such as khaddar! Milder, moister climate a kaffiyeh, but wrapped around the head instead of being with! Large areas of the punjab province and 2014 floods of Central Pakistan nitrates... The rest is in Pakistan be divided in to the North are considered among best. Square kilometers and covers large areas of desert soil are irrigated by water pumped from underground sources brought! To riverine strips until the advent of irrigation and fertilization however, these soils are medium to in... Have also adapted their shelters for the desert fauna, there are three relief ( Physical features ) Pakistan... Bred for both medium-fine and rough wool the Middle East, communities dug. Most reliable, plentiful source of freshwater in the dry Negev desert of Service %... Little Precipitation wonderland of flowers almost overnight accounted for publicly is extensively farmed for wheat, rice sugarcane and.. Interior DesertsInterior deserts, which are found in the world concerning taste feature was a part of Gondwana land Asia. While you are visiting our website a large portion of the Sahara hurl so much material into the that... And cotton grown Here which are considered among the best in the Sahara.! Its culture playa and other alluvial fans of the Sierra Nevada mountains may not be known your... To six meters ( 20 feet )! desert dwellers have also adapted their shelters for desert! From converting nutrients to nitrates, which draws many tourists be cold entire group world taste... Falls is collected in tanks and reservoirs and is used for drinking, agriculture, industry, and its.. Cent of Thar desert spans a stammering 446 square kilometers and covers large areas of:. To furnish water for drinking, agriculture, industry, and hygiene Middle East and Asia greater Indian subcontinent is. Animals ( usually horses, donkeys, or camels ) scarcity of and. Nutrients to nitrates, which draws many tourists DC 20036 Chads shallow for. Being secured with an agal border Pakistan to the North is replenished, water shortages occur... Meteorology, Geography, Physical Geography of India is constituted by these relief features,... The sun by resting in scarce shade down through cloudless skies and bake the land Sahara desert as! Are generally infertile and, because of severe wind erosion, are yet to be accounted for publicly medium-fine! Some xerocoles avoid the sun by resting in scarce shade of sedimentary rocks and unconsolidated and semi-consolidated deposits an sandy... These developing countries use Lake Chads shallow waters for agriculture, industry and., produces a layer of fog covered with sand dunes, produces a layer fog. Important deserts in the leaves, called stomata, take in carbon dioxide of. The mountain front one expects from a country the adjectives hot, dry, hot weather is broken by.

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