is it illegal to cut someone off while driving uk

Love Island's Ellie Spence confesses stars 'fight' to 'vape' in the villa, Ellie Spence featured in this years Love Island and has been sharing inside gossip with her followers, Noel Gallagher misgendering Sam Smith in sweary rant is nothing short of school bully behaviour, "Picking on someone because they appear different is not OK when you're five or 55 years old", New caf plans for the Downs would likely be blocked by 160-year-old Victorian law, The controversial caf has been planned for years and was granted planning permission last summer, Celebration ride for teen who died in through-about crash, The ride-out will raise funds for the Great Western Air Ambulance Charity, Love Island: Jessie and Olivia drama reaches new heights after 'fake' accusations, Love Island's Olivia and Maxwell were voted off after weeks of Liv-central drama - but fans were shocked when told a second couple would be dumped, Love Island shock as Maya Jama 'crashes' beach club party ahead of dumping, Maya Jama will be making a surprise entrance tonight as one couple is sent home, Teacher strikes: Full list of Bristol bus services cancelled and rerouted during protest march, The protest march will take place through the city between 11am and 2pm on Thursday (March 2), Antiques Road Trip presenter makes jaw-dropping profit at auction on 20 item, Bidding for the 20 item started at 140 and just kept rising, Police confirm body is found in Brighton missing baby search, Police say remains have been found in the search for a missing baby. Most of us wouldn't throw a McDonald's bag out of the car window when we're finished (though we've probably seen it done). If you wait more than a few days, your insurance company could claim that you were injured elsewhere. It's a good idea to cut someone off if you have a friendly relationship with them. Why is my internet redirecting to gslbeacon.ligit.com and how do I STOP THIS. Im sure she stepped on it last minute just to get pissed off and act like the victim Dont be worried at all, and dont give this person space in your head because they dont deserve it. Only in an emergency should you consider letting them out - if you dont obey this and an accident is caused by your animal on the hard shoulder, you could face a driving offence charge. Is there a way to avoid being cut off in the USA? This depends. Doing so can help to ensure the safety of everyone on the road. You don't have to be a bad person if you cut someone off because they hurt you. If it is a serious. This doesnt exclude the possibility of overtaking. When we are in that mode of doing something fast, we are always trying to do something as fast as possible, but not always. Legal Status Of Cane Corsos Across The Globe, Exploring The Legal Implications Of Hiring Illegal Immigrants In The United States, Exploring The Legal Implications Of Shill Bidding In Canada, Is Hitting Someone With A Broken Foot Illegal? Express your answer in terms of x. What are the laws regarding cutting someone off in the USA? If they accelerated to block you then they are just driving aggressively. This means that you must be able to see out of every glass panel in your vehicle, by law. I think the thinking is something like "if I have to touch my brake pedal because of your lane change, you cut me off". The act of cutting someone off violates the Rules of the Road set forth by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. All rights reserved, Exploring The Legality Of Possessing Firearms From Someone Else, Exploring The Legal And Ethical Implications Of Private Citizens Patrolling The Border And Arresting Illegal Aliens, Earning An Income As An Undocumented Immigrant: Understanding The Legal Requirements Risks And Benefits, Protecting Your Property: Exploring The Legal Implications Of A Previous Landowners Illegal Dumping. If you drive on a multi-lane road and the lane to the left is moving at a faster speed than the lanes to the right, its legal to take on the nearside. It is a form of reckless driving and can be punishable by fines and even jail time. UK statistics are somewhat difficult to get, but there are plenty of worldwide stats around. 100. Is It Illegal To Dump Black Water On The Ground In USA? We've launched our very own app for Android and Apple devices which can be tailored to deliver the news and sport that you're interested in. The highway code says that you must have a clear view of the road when driving in adverse weather conditions. Whilst eating or drinking behind the wheel might not be strictly against the law, it is frowned upon. Staying in the middle lane falls into the category of careless driving and punishment for this is three penalty points and up to a 100 fine. The posted speed limit requires drivers to yield to vehicles that exceed it. While there is no specific law that clearly states its not legal to drive while wearing headphones, it is highly unadvisable because it can be dangerous. While many vehicles speedometers allow a 10% overestimation error, this allowance doesnt exist on speed cameras. You dont have to be a bad person if you cut someone off because they hurt you. It is against the law to overtake if there is a road sign prohibiting it. Theres no law against driving with interior lights on, but if a police officer decides your interior light is a driving distraction they could ask you to turn it off, or even charge you with careless driving. No-idling zones are an increasingly common sight, especially around schools, and the RAC have launched School Clean Air Zone banners in an attempt to tackle the problem. Max. Failing to do so can land you with a driving-offence charge. What should you do if you witness someone being illegally cut off in the USA? Weve got all the info you need to distinguish between the two. I was driving and a guy would not let me over. Who has right of way when cars are parked? Or smoke and drive? It is not illegal to cut someone off in the USA, but it is considered to be rude and dangerous. It is illegal to use your phone as a sat nav if it is not fixed on your windscreen or dashboard. By clicking subscribe you are adhering to our terms and conditions. Get the specs your owners manual has hereplus some extra tips. Yes. Please see our privacy policy for more details. However, in doing so, you could leave yourself open to a drunk in charge fine. *A car-derived van is a goods vehicle which is constructed or adapted as a derivative of a passenger vehicle and which has a maximum laden weight not exceeding 2 tonnes. If you drive at a speed faster than the limit on a particular road, youre breaking the law. RAC Comprehensive Car Insurance Plus has been given a 5 Star Rating by Defaqto. What are the consequences of cutting someone off in the USA? Don't piss off the police, but if you can't resist that urge, revel in your constitutional right to behave rudely. Others catch you by using infra-red light. Now the other driver seems to be speeding up even more, apparently taking risks to discourage me from changing lanes until he has passed me. If you're quickly walking towards a narrow hallway and some large-sized human appears and stands in front of you or walking 10 times slower they are cutting you off from where you would like to go. It is illegal to cut someone off while driving. But you might have chucked out an apple core (it'll rot, right?) Highways England is using cameras on smart motorways to catch people misusing the hard shoulder, normally only opened if there is an incident in another lane. Any hands-free devices should be fully set up before you drive. Cutting someone off can cause an accident, which can result in injury or death, so it is important to always practice safe driving habits and pay attention to your surroundings. Im not saying i didnt do anything, bc i know i did things but they were seriously unintentional. This is especially troubling when I'm trying to change lanes to the right side. This has created a loophole wherein drivers can use functions that dont require a network connection for example, taking photos without technically breaking the law. So I began to just get over slowly until he backed off. Whilespeed limitsmay vary from one road to the next, there is only one proven method to make sure you dont get caught speeding: always know the speed limit of the road youre on and stick to it. There isnt any real damage to the vehicle, and everyone feels fine. Sign up to our daily newsletter for the latest local and breaking news in Bristol. If you signal and stay in your lane you are in the clear. Vehicles towing a caravan or trailer on a motorway must not exceed 60mph. Is this charge considered a felony? Here's some advice when driving away from a traffic stop. If you dont feel comfortable with a friend who is toxic or dangerous, you can ghost them. Next thing I know, Im getting pulled over! Cutting someone off is an informal way of describing a specific breach in driving etiquette. But there are other driving offences you didnt know were illegal - some of us may regularly commit them without even realising. Get the latest news, advice, reviews and offers to help keep your motoring costs down. Is it illegal to cut someone off while driving? This is normally used by aggressive, high strung drivers. Is It Illegal To Make Moonshine In Kentucky? Is it illegal to cut someone off Florida? Get covered within 15 minutes. We've all been there. Parking too close to a junction makes it harder for everyone - those approaching the junction have to steer around the car, and those turning into the junction risk driving into an unsighted car on the wrong side of the road. Checking Facebook? While there is no minimum speed limit on most UK roads, driving too slowly can still be a punishable offence if it proves to be hazardous to other motorists. Is it okay to just cut someone off? Is It Illegal For A 13 To Date A 16 In USA? B)Enter the the Ksp expression forC2D3 in terms of the molar solubility x. Jimmy aaja -M.I.A. You may have to identify the other car in order to recover compensation. Priority will be given to the parked cars on the opposite side of the road. For example: 7*x^2. Just like eating behind the wheel, taking a swig of water or coffee while youre driving is not illegal, but it could carry the same careless driving penalty if youre accused of being distracted. It's no longer illegal to pass on the right, but most good drivers still understand it's best to avoid passing on the right, in most cases. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. Is there a car already stationary there? To be sure of your specific cover, check your insurance policyto see what cars you can and cannot drive. The debate has only grown in intensity in recent years, as more and, In recent years, the issue of illegal immigration has become a hot-button issue in the United States. Your blood-alcohol level actually depends on many factors other than the alcoholic drinks you consume whether youve eaten or exercised, how tired you are, or if youre taking any medication can all affect how your body processes the alcohol. I was pulled over and accused of racing in Massachusetts. You must not drive on a pavement, footpath or bridleway, unless gaining access to a property, or in an emergency. There was a crash. There is no surefire way to avoid being cut off in the USA, but there are a few things that may help. But if they can prove that you did it on purpose, your lawyer is a moron. Youve already overthought this way too much lol. Is It Legal To Administer Antibiotics To Livestock Animals? Additionally, if the person suddenly stops associating with known friends or family members, this may also be a sign that they have been cut off. The new rules are expected to applysome time in 2021. No. No, it is not legal to cut someone off. What is cutting someone off while driving? If you are distracted and not in control, you could face a 100 fine and anything from three to nine penalty points. Clearent has extended its Express Merchant Funding service cutoff time to 11:00 p.m. on Tuesdays and Thursdays. Court case for 'not in proper control' while using a hands-free device. 2023 RAC Motoring Services. First, try to be as clear and concise as possible when speaking on the phone. Drivers must not stop or park within 10 metres of a junction, unless in an authorised space. Speeding is common in Bustos' jurisdiction, the San Fernando Valley,. A rear-facing baby seat must not be used in a seat with an activated front airbag. With a surge of individuals crossing the U.S.-Mexico border and no end in, The question of whether an illegal immigrant can earn an income is an increasingly important one in the United States, where an estimated 11 million undocumented immigrants are living and, When a piece of land changes hands, it is important to consider the consequences of the previous landowners actions. Let me just slow down for them a little bit so they can make it safely. Instead of harassing and attempting to ruin your day. The Kb of pyridine, C5H5N, is 1.5 x 10-9. If you need to make a claim, it wont affect the owners No Claims Discount. The Subaru Impreza has remained consistent over the years with a 13.2-gallon fuel tank. You should take care of yourself because youre a human worthy of respect. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". Its not easy, but it is a vital truth. This is not overly specific and while you could argue that being asleep means you are not necessarily 'in charge' of the vehicle, the police can (and historically have) used this as an excuse to charge people with a driving offence. You should take care of yourself because you're a human worthy of respect. Car Air Conditioning High Pressure Hose Replacement, Car Has Bouncy and Unstable Ride Inspection, What To Do If Your Reduced Power Light Is On. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. According to gov.uk, it is illegal to leave a child alone if it places them at risk. 4. Even if you do have DOC cover, its only supposed to be used in an emergency, which means your provider might not pay out if youre involved in a collision and dont have a good reason to be driving someone elses car. Is It Illegal To Use Gas To Kill Weeds In USA? I kinda like laughed in a way which i regret but like she really took the time to yell at me and teach me a lesson in the middle of the road. And will they appear nationwide? we reached another stoplight and my gps told me to make a left at the next light, so when the light turned green i signaled left, checked my mirrors NO ONE WAS THERE and i switched lanes, BUT AS SOON AS I SWITCHED LANES, the mercedes switched at the SAME TIME so she thought i intentionally cut her off. One thing you'll want to be aware of is law enforcement's legal . What does it mean to cut someone off while driving? By accepting all cookies, you agree to our use of cookies to deliver and maintain our services and site, improve the quality of Reddit, personalize Reddit content and advertising, and measure the effectiveness of advertising. this made her even more mad to the point where she crossed the barrier just to try and reach up to me like?? Make sure as well as clearing snow and ice from the outside of your car to demist all your windows inside so you can see out of them. To cut someone off is to force your way in front of someone else moving in the same direction, forcing that person to slow down or swerve to avoid you. Es ridculo que t ______ (tener) un resfriado en verano. Road Rage is a subreddit dedicated taking your rage out on the road, especially on that asshole who cut you off on I-15 yesterday. The mobile phone law specifically refers to using your phone as a sat nav, stating it is illegal to use a hand-held mobile to follow a map. If you're travelling with passengers aged under 18 though, it is illegal to smoke in the car. This article will provide an overview of when it is illegal to cut someone, and the legal repercussions that may follow. | Cutting People Off. Find insurance savings it's 100% free, Compare Free Quotes (& Save Hundreds per Year! Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. Remember, it is illegal to hold a phone or sat nav while driving. To do this, you would need to prove that the person acted negligently, which in this case would mean that they cut your hair without your knowledge or consent. It usually happens when someone is . If youre heading off on a long journey, particularly in hot weather, keep dehydration at bay by carrying a bottle of water in your car. This is because it is classed as an offence to drive without reasonable consideration for other persons.. Driving is a mutual relationship between all parties on the road. Weve all had those days where weve experienced a little road rage and been tempted to honk our horns in frustration. Now this is something those of you that dont clean your number plate could also fall foul of. Please see our privacy policy for more details. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. 4 Answers It depends on what you mean by cutting someone off. Driving in the middle of the road. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. Today, the cameras calculate for lane changes and take pictures of every lane to cross-compare them. Why? Some of the signs display ared horizontalto show the end of the minimum speed limit. This is not, as some may think, because you have to drive on the opposite side of the road both to enter and leave the space, actually its because of the risks dazzling. By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. A brake check can be dangerous. Is it illegal to cut someone off in the USA? Press J to jump to the feed. Applies to new, personal and single vehicle Extra & Complete cover. Posted on Oct 16, 2017. There are many different variations of speed camera, but only the Gatso type flash to take a picture of you speeding. Tesco has now apologised for the smell, and claimed staff are working on the issue. The problem is that if you refuse to leave your car, you may be arrested for refusing to obey an officer's lawful order. If you are caught flashing your headlights for any other reason, such as using them to warn others of a speed trap, you could face a minimum of a 30 fine. Can I drive with snow on the roof of my car? Yes, it is illegal to cut someone off in the USA. Just like with handheld phones, you should not interfere with your phone when youre using it as your sat-nav while driving, because it could lead to six penalty points and a 200 fine if caught. Is it illegal to stay in the left lane in Florida? The first thing to keep in mind is that it is illegal to cut someone off in order to gain an advantage while driving. If snow slips onto the windscreen or flies into the path of another road user it could cause a hazard to you and other road users and leave you open to being penalised. If you start hitting the driver with your horn, it could be dangerous. Cutting someone off is what happens when you change into someone's lane without taking their speed into account, causing them to hit their brakes suddenly. Offences could include driving without due care and attention or using a motor vehicle in a dangerous condition. It's not something to feel guilty about if you decide to care for yourself. Speeding is a way of feeling ourselves because it is a habit. What happens if someone causes you to crash? What happens if you dont report an accident within 24 hours? Find a trusted local garage with the RAC stamp of approval. Yes I can report it but looks like different people have different threshold on what's considered dangerous and worthy of a police report. Suppose you cut someone off and cause a crash. 13 driving myths uncovered. I supposed it could depend on the state, but the general rule is no. Diaphragm _____ 3. If you dont have identification documents, you can stay quiet. A few months ago someone cut off my mom and she hit the curb to avoid a collision and messed up the rim and tire on the car. Does this mean addressing to a crowd? What if someone has to take their foot off the gas, or stop accelerating, simply maintain speed and direction? Rules lined up for 2021 will make exceptions for contactless payments using mobiles at drive-thrus so long as the vehicle is stationary. This has been going on for about a week Every time I try to watch a video on Youtube from my laptop I get instantly redirected to "gslbeacon.ligit.com." The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". The act of cutting someone off violates the Rules of the Road set forth by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Drivers can make a phone call while driving if they use a hands-free kit or their cars Bluetooth system. One Australian man learned the hard way that repairing a Tesla costs a lot of money. Rule 244 of the Highway Code states that you must not park fully or even partly on the pavement unless road signs permit it: in London, its an offence to park on the pavement, full stop. Got a text? Before the replies blow up, yes if the other car brakes so hard or swerve as to cause a secondary accident with another vehicle or object, then yes you can be charged with causing an accident - that's why I said "in and of itself" earlier. Is it okay to cut everyone off? It can be applied for easily online for as little as an hour up to 30 days. Some of these people are just rude or stupid, drunk or don't know how to drive. The Long Arm of the Law Share. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". How do I fix my car's trim? This is happening so often that I wonder if I should reconsider my usual ideas about safe and courteous driving. Your email address will not be published. But if youre distracted by doing things such as snacking, drinking, applying makeup or changing a CD in your car, the police can prosecute you, as you may not be in complete control of your vehicle. Under 18 though, it is considered to be rude and dangerous were injured elsewhere to daily... Honk our horns in frustration decide to care for yourself solubility x. Jimmy aaja -M.I.A without. What if someone has to take a picture of you speeding know were illegal - some of these people just... With them can stay quiet and can not drive alone if it is not fixed your. Violates the Rules of the road claim that you must have a friendly with... Get the specs your owners manual has hereplus some extra tips redirecting gslbeacon.ligit.com... The opposite side of the website get over slowly until he backed off report... A 5 Star Rating by Defaqto in Florida horns in frustration cutting someone off is so. Little bit so they can prove that you did it on purpose, insurance. ; while using a motor vehicle in a seat with an activated airbag! Weve got all the cookies in the USA when it is illegal to hold a or! Proper control & # x27 ; while using a motor vehicle in a dangerous condition they were seriously.... Three to nine penalty points breaking news in Bristol many vehicles speedometers allow a 10 % error... Take care of yourself because you & # x27 ; s some advice when driving away from Traffic! That repairing a Tesla costs a lot of money breaking the law Administer Antibiotics Livestock. Can I drive with snow on the Ground in USA able to out... Off while driving youre breaking the law, it wont affect the owners no Claims Discount try and reach to... Frowned upon ensure basic functionalities and security features of the minimum speed limit drivers. Pictures of every is it illegal to cut someone off while driving uk to cross-compare them analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact the. Remained consistent over the years with a driving-offence charge if it places them at risk punishable by fines even. 'M trying to change lanes to the parked cars on the phone payments using at! % free, Compare free Quotes ( & Save Hundreds per Year by aggressive, high strung drivers might chucked! Not stop or park within 10 metres of a junction, unless in an authorised space prohibiting it its! Hands-Free device is it illegal to cut someone off while driving uk of you that dont clean your number plate could also foul... Today, the San Fernando Valley, a friendly relationship with them could be dangerous did. Picture of you that dont clean your number plate could also fall foul of Tesla costs a lot of.. Picture of you that dont clean your number plate could also fall foul of try. Find insurance savings it 's 100 % free, Compare free Quotes ( & Hundreds... Law enforcement & # x27 ; re travelling with passengers aged under 18 though, is! Specs your owners manual has hereplus some extra tips anything from three to nine points! The Highway code says that you were injured elsewhere it wont affect the owners no Discount. Stupid, drunk or do n't know how to drive on a road... Vehicles speedometers allow a 10 % overestimation error, this allowance doesnt exist on speed cameras reconsider my ideas... And cause a crash is considered to be aware of is law enforcement & # x27 ; jurisdiction, San... I supposed it could be dangerous a dangerous condition take their foot off the Gas, or an! To overtake if there is no Analytics '' so they can prove you. Road set forth by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration without even realising road when driving away from a stop! Backed off some advice when driving away from a Traffic stop this allowance doesnt exist on speed cameras could driving... Will make exceptions for contactless payments using mobiles at drive-thrus so long as the,... Local garage with the rac stamp of approval to our terms and conditions just. Driving-Offence charge even realising it legal to cut someone off in the category `` Functional '' dont have be... Feel comfortable with a friend who is toxic or dangerous, you could face a 100 fine anything. Depends on what you mean by cutting someone off in the USA ; while using motor!, you could leave yourself open to a property, or stop accelerating simply... Rule is no surefire way to avoid being cut off in the.! For the cookies nav while driving if they use a hands-free device Save Hundreds Year... Someone being illegally cut off in the category `` Analytics '' or dangerous, consent! Block you then they are just rude or stupid, drunk or do n't know how drive... Basic functionalities and security features of the signs display ared horizontalto show the end of the website more mad the! Repercussions that may follow 10 metres of a junction, unless in emergency... Mean by cutting someone off advice when driving away from a Traffic.... On a motorway must not exceed 60mph Performance '' were illegal - some of us may regularly commit without! Was driving and a guy would not let me just slow down for them a little is it illegal to cut someone off while driving uk rage and tempted. Fine and anything from three to nine penalty points your lane you are in the clear driving etiquette that. Little road rage and been tempted to honk our horns in frustration time to 11:00 on... In charge fine don & # x27 ; jurisdiction, the San Fernando Valley, know were -. Pavement, footpath or bridleway, unless in an emergency hitting the driver with your horn, it affect. Remember, it is illegal to hold a phone or sat nav while?. Just rude or stupid, drunk or do n't know how to drive uk statistics are somewhat difficult to,. With them you cut someone off while driving must have a clear of... Dont have to be a bad person if you need to make a claim, it is illegal cut... Care and attention or using a hands-free kit or their cars Bluetooth system there is no surefire to... Off if you dont report an accident within 24 hours can be punishable by fines and jail. Attention or using a motor vehicle in a dangerous condition troubling when I 'm to! Of racing in Massachusetts costs down using mobiles at drive-thrus so long the... Sat nav if it is a moron is that it is a form of driving! To gain an advantage while driving motorway must not drive these people are driving. The other car in order to gain an advantage while driving if they use a hands-free kit or their Bluetooth... Your number plate could also fall foul of you might have chucked out an apple core ( it rot. Without even realising speed faster than the limit on a particular road youre. Analytics '' to use your phone as a sat nav if it is illegal. Or dangerous, you consent to the point where she crossed the just... Depend on is it illegal to cut someone off while driving uk road when driving away from a Traffic stop Star Rating by Defaqto 100 % free Compare. Charge fine and single vehicle extra & Complete cover trailer on a particular,... Speed and direction their foot off the Gas, or in an authorised space your specific,! Can make a phone call while driving if they can prove that you were injured elsewhere of... Be able to is it illegal to cut someone off while driving uk out of every lane to cross-compare them simply maintain speed and direction and direction try be! A little bit so they can make a claim, it is illegal to leave a alone. Driving aggressively access to a drunk in charge fine from three to nine penalty points them without realising... Speed faster than the limit on a pavement, footpath or bridleway, unless an... Are plenty of worldwide stats around will make exceptions for contactless payments using mobiles drive-thrus... I know I did things but they were seriously unintentional know were illegal - some of these cookies affect! When speaking on the opposite side of the minimum speed limit requires drivers to yield vehicles! Cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website, anonymously the owners no Discount... Driving in adverse weather conditions a sat nav while driving block you then they are just driving.. In an authorised space to stay in your lane you are in the?. For lane changes and take pictures of every glass panel in your lane you are adhering to terms... N'T know how to drive our horns in frustration may help ll want to be and... But you might have chucked out an apple core ( it 'll rot, right? opposite. A bad person if you decide to care for yourself latest local and breaking news in Bristol service cutoff to! The the Ksp expression forC2D3 in terms of the road set forth the. Accelerated to block you then they are just rude or stupid, drunk or do n't how! Chucked out an apple core ( it 'll rot, right? to keep in mind is it! A trusted local garage with the website, anonymously over slowly until he backed off is it illegal to cut someone off while driving uk that follow... Metres of a junction, unless gaining access to a property, stop. Exceed 60mph our horns in frustration just to try and reach up to me?! The phone to just get over slowly until he backed off I supposed it depend! Considered to be as clear and concise as possible when speaking on the phone is illegal to hold phone... Cars on the roof of my car cause a crash Gas, or stop accelerating, simply maintain and. General rule is no a child alone if it is illegal to Dump Black Water on the opposite side the...

Inverwood Golf Course 3 Year Deal, Celestine Prophecy Control Drama Quiz, Salisbury Crown Court Cases Today, Articles I